Sexual Behaviour In Toddlers & Preschoolers
TYPE OF BEHAVIOUR | OKAY | WORRISOME | GET HELP |
CURIOSITY BEHAVIOURS | • asks questions about sex, for example “where do babies come from?” • learns to name parts of the body, including genitalia • interested in having/birthing a baby • explores differences between males and females, boys and girls | • shows fear when talking about anything that has to do with sex (sex in particular or sexuality in general?) • continuously asks questions about genital differences after questions have been answered at an age appropriate level | • does not stop asking questions about sex • knows too much about sex for age and stage of development |
SELF-EXPLORATION | • likes to be naked • has erections • is curious and enjoys exploring own body • touches own genitals as a self-soothing behaviour (for example, when going to sleep, when feeling sick, tense or afraid) • very aware of genital area during toilet training • puts objects in own genitals or buttocks without causing discomfort | • self-stimulates on furniture, toys and uses objects to self-stimulate • imitates sexual behaviour with dolls or toys • continues to self-stimulate in public after being told that this behaviour should take place in private • puts something in genitals, buttocks even when it causes discomfort or when told not to | • chooses to self-stimulates in public instead of engaging in other activities • excessively self-stimulates in private • self-stimulates on other people • harms own genitals, buttocks (e.g., placing an object inside that may cause pain) |
BATHROOM, TOILETING AND SEXUAL FUNCTIONS | • interested in urinating and bowel movements • may want privacy in the bathroom and when changing • uses unacceptable words for toileting and sexual functions | • spreads feces purposefully • urinates in places they shouldn’t • often caught watching others who want privacy in the bathroom • continues to use unacceptable words even after being asked not to | • continues to spread feces even if they have been told not to • continues to urinate in places they shouldn’t • does not allow others privacy in the bathroom or bedroom • does not care about the rules set for unacceptable language and continues to use it |
BEHAVIOUR WITH OTHERS | • touches the genitals of familiar adults and children with hand or body • explores the bodies of other children including their genitals when playing games like “doctor” • likes to look at nude individuals and wants to touch their genitals to see what they feel like • curious about and tries to see what people are doing in the bathroom • may show their genitals or buttocks to others • may take off clothes in front of others • views above behaviours as fun and silly (or sexual behaviours in general?) • plays house with other children • kisses and hugs people who are important to him/her • may share what they find out about sex | • frequently plays games like “doctor” and continues to do so even after being asked not to • touches the genitals of familiar adults and/or children even after being asked not to • puts something into the genitals/rectum of another individual even after being told not to • always wants to touch other people • stares at nude individuals even after seeing many people nude • wants to be nude in public even after caregivers consistently say no • interest in watching people in bathroom does not wane after a significant period of time (Johnson used “days/weeks”, which I thought was quite arbitrary) • tries to imitate adult sexual behaviours • imitates adult sexual activity with clothes on • often refers to sex when talking about adult relationships • afraid of being kissed or hugged • talks or acts in a sexual way with others • uses sexual language even after being asked not to • talks about sex or includes sex in play instead of choosing to do other things | • forces other children to take their clothes off when playing games like “doctor” or to engage in other sexual activities • sneakily touches/rubs the genitals of adults and/or children and when questioned, denies doing so (I wonder about using the word ‘sneakily’ here) • asks people to take off their clothes or forcibly undresses them • refuses to leave people alone in the bathroom and may force way into bathrom • shows genitals in public even after being disciplined for doing so • acts out sad, angry or aggressive scenes between people during dramatic play • demands (aggressively or forcefully?) to see the genitals of other children or adults • coerces other children into touching genitals and/or engage in adult sexual behaviours • any coercion, force, pain in putting an object into the genitals/rectum of another individual • copies sexual acts with clothes off or engages in oral sex • imitates adult sexual behaviour in detail • fearful when being touched • talks in a sexual way even with people s/he does not know |
Sexual Behaviour In School-aged Children (K-4)
TYPE OF BEHAVIOUR | OKAY | WORRISOME | GET HELP |
CURIOSITY BEHAVIOURS | • asks about the genitals, breasts, intercourse, babies • explores differences between adult males and females, boys and girls • pretends to be opposite gender • looks at nude pictures on Internet, videos,magazines, etc. | • shows fear or anxiety about sexual topics • confused about male/female differences after all questions have been answered • continuous fascination with nude pictures that gets child into trouble
| • asks endless questions about sex after curiosity satisfied • sexual knowledge/vocabularly/thoughts too advanced for age • displays fear or anger about babies or intercourse |
SELF-EXPLORATION | • touches or rubs own genitals when going to sleep, feeling tense, afraid, or because it feels good • erections • puts an object into own genitals/rectum for physical sensation, curiosity, or exploration | • continuous erections or fear of erections • puts an object in own genitals/rectum frequently or when it feels uncomfortable • puts an object into the genitals/rectum of other child | • painful erections or hurting self to stop erection • wants to masturbate to nude pictures or display them • causing harm to own genitals/rectum
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BATHROOM, TOILETING, AND SEXUAL FUNCTIONS | • wants privacy when in bathroom or when changing • uses unacceptable words for bathroom functions, geintals, and/or sexual behaviour | becomes very upset when observed changing, using the toilet, or bathing | |
BEHAVIOUR WITH OTHERS | • Looks at nude people • Looks at genitals, buttocks, or breasts of others • interested in peeking at people doing bathroom functions • plays “doctor” and may inspect another child’s body and/or genitals • plays “house” and may take on caregiving roles • shows others genitals in private • wants to compare genitals with same-aged peers • interest in touching the genitals, buttocks, breasts of same-aged peers and vice versa • thinks children of the opposite sex are “gross” or have “cooties” • chases children of the opposite sex • talks about sex with friends, talks about having a boyfriend/girlfriend • older children play games with peers about sex and sexuality • interested in having or birthing a baby • likes telling and listening to dirty jokes, making some sexual sounds • kisses/hugs familiar adults and children • allows kisses/hugs from familiar adults and children | • keeps getting caught watching or peeking at others doing bathroom functions • stares at or sneaks to stare at nude people after being disciplined and having seen many people nude before • stares at genitals, breasts, or buttocks of others making them uncomfortable • refuses contact with specific individual(s) (I am wondering if this is more an indicator of abuse rather than sexual behaviour; not found in Johnson’s charts) • wants to compare genitals with much older or much younger individuals • frequently plays “doctor” and gets caught after being told consistently not to do so • makes others uncomfortable by requesting to touch their genitals, breasts, or buttocks or have them touch their genitals, breasts, or buttocks • shows and/or rubs genitals in public even after being told not to • rubs genitals on furniture or other objects even after being told not to and/or disciplined • uses sexual language to insult or scare others • wants to play games related to sex with younger or older children • repeatedly humps other children with clothes on • repeatedly imitates sexual behaviour with dolls/stuffed toys • continues to use unacceptable words even after being asked not to or disciplined or after other children complain • continues to tell dirty jokes after asked not to • continues to make sexual sounds • gets into trouble for sex talk (what exactly is sex talk referring to here?) • sexualizes all relationships • French kissing • Talks/acts in sexualized manner with unknown children • Fearful of hugs/kisses by adults • Kisses/hugs unfamiliar adult or child • Gets very anxious when sees displays of affection | • Continues to sneak and peek at genitals, breasts, or buttocks of others after being caught many times • Refuses to leave people alone in the bathroom • Demands to see the genitals, breasts, or buttocks of others • hurts and/or avoids certain types of people (e.g., the opposite sex, people with certain features such as facial hair) (I’m wondering if this is more an indicator of abuse rather than sexual behaviour) • cannot seem to stop talking about sex and sexual acts and repeatedly gets into trouble for it • sees all relationships in a sexual way • talks or acts in a very sexualized manner that makes others feel uncomfortable • forces others to play sexual games that make them uncomfortable • continuously uses unacceptable language even after privileges are taken away; parents/adults around child do not use these words • continues to tell dirty jokes even after being disciplined • shows genitals at school and/or other places to express anger or disdain for authority • coerces unwilling child to touch his/her genitals, breasts, or buttocks or allow touching of theirs • humping others while naked; intercourse with another child • forcing sexual contact on a child or an adult • forced or mutual oral, anal, or vaginal sex • any coercion or force in putting or attempting to put object into genitals/rectum of another child • makes sexual threats towards another • asks others to take clothes off and/or tries to forcibly undress children or adults • physical contact with an adult causes agitation, anger, fear, or anxiety to the child or adult |
NATURE OF SEXUAL AWARENESS | • draws genitals on human figures for artistic expression or because figure is nude shows that s/he wants privacy respected | • draws genitals on some nude figures but not on others; draws genitals on clothed figures; genitals disproportionate to size of body overly-curious with pictures of nude people • talks very negatively about own gender | • genitals are most prominent feature of drawing • drawings may depict intercourse, group sex, sex with animals, sadism, masochism, etc. • hates or fears being of own gender; hates own genitals • hates own genitals • demands privacy in an aggressive or overly upset way |
BEHAVIOUR WITH ANIMALS | • curious about how animals have babies | • touches genitals of animals | • sexual behaviour with animals |
Sexual Behaviour In Pre-teens
TYPE OF BEHAVIOUR | OKAY | WORRISOME | GET HELP |
CURIOSITY BEHAVIOURS | · very interested in sex and sexuality · uses social media, movies, music, TV, magazines, Internet to explore sex and sexuality · may or may not ask about sexual topics (e.g., hair growth, bodily changes, intercourse, menstruation, etc.) · may look at one’s own genitals in the mirror or with a hand-held mirror | · spends considerable amount of time seeking sexual images online including pornography to the detriment of school, family activities, and friendships · very anxious or agitated when hearing others speak about sexual topics or when talking about sexual behaviour
| · continues to look for sexual images and video online after being caught and having Internet access taken away; finds other ways to get online · makes pictures and/or videos of own genitals and/or sexual behaviour · watches violent or child pornography · have endless questions about sex · talks about adult sexual acts in detail |
SELF-EXPLORATION | · touches/rubs own genitals when alone · masturbates in private · masturbates to nude pictures and/or videos | · continues to touch/rub genitals in public places even after being told not to · masturbates to nude pictures/videos and leaves them out in the open even when asked not to · goes to bathroom at school to masturbate | · touches/rubs genitals in public even after being ridiculed by same aged peers or disciplined by adults · inserts unsafe/unhygienic objects in one’s own genitals · talks about masturbatory behaviour to those who do not want to hear about it · masturbates in front of others (e.g., siblings, peers, etc.) · masturbates to the exclusion of other normal preteen behaviours; excessive rubbing hurts genitals |
BATHROOM, TOILETING, AND SEXUAL FUNCTIONS | · wants privacy when dressing/bathing, etc. | ||
BEHAVIOUR WITH OTHERS | · uses dirty language with friends when there are no adults around · walks around nude or partially clothed in same gender change room or with same gender friends at home · talks about sex with friends · talks about having a girl/boyfriend · exaggerates sexual experiences to peers · flirts with other pre-teens and young adolescents · plays sex and sexuality games with same-aged peers (e.g., kissing, touching, partially taking off clothes) · texts sexual jokes · texts pictures of self and/or peers engaging in sexual kissing/hugging | · uses sexual slang with adults or young children even when adults have said not to · continues using dirty language with even after being caught several times and being asked to stop · seeks attention while nude such as in the change room or at a friend’s home · thinks it is fun to flash genitals · talks about sex with known adults/children who asks the individual to stop; oblivious to others’ rejection (what is meant by rejection here? As in rejecting the talk about sex? Also is this assuming the individual does not recognize the rejection, what if they are intentionally ignoring it?) · shows interest in playing sex and sexuality related games with children several years younger and/or older · simulates intercourse with same aged peers who is not well-known to the individual and who do not want to · wants younger siblings to watch sexual activity online or to look at printed material (only younger siblings? What about other children?) · texts sexual jokes to peers who do not want to see/hear them · texts semi-nude pictures of self/peers kissing, hugging, and/or touching sexually | · continues to use sexual slang in front of people who find it offensive and/or after exclusion from school and social activities (what does the highlighted portion mean?) · direct dirty language at people aggressively to show disdain or disgust for them · the showing of genitals causes other peers to complain · is caught for showing genitals · continuously seeks sexual conversations with adolescents/adults online; may lie about being older · coerces others to play sexual games · grabs/fondles genitals of others after being asked many times not to and after being disciplined · penetration of genitals/rectum and/or sexual intercourse · bribes/coerces siblings/peers to watch/act out sexual behaviour seen online or in printed material · texts about desire to engage in sexual behaviours that are not developmentally appropriate · texts or coerces others to text nude/semi-nude selfies and/or pictures of self/peers engaging in masturbation, oral/anal sex, intercourse |
NATURE OF SEXUAL AWARENESS | · uses sexual slang · may feel okay or embarrassed about caregivers talking to them about puberty or sexual topics · may acknowledge or hide pubertal changes · posts online about girl/boyfriend · draws/doodles/post basic sexually explicit images · beginning sexual interest in same/other gender peer · explores other gender preferences | · does not allow caregivers to talk to them about sexual topics; gets angry at caregivers for doing so · wears clothes in such a way to hide bodily changes · uses sexually suggestive language online about self, peers, etc. · draws/doodles/posts drawings of advanced sexual behaviour · feels ashamed of sexual interest in same gender peer · unsettled and ashamed about own gender and would rather be of the other gender; refuses to talk to anyone about this | · is scared and/or ashamed and/or disgusted with regards to puberty and/or sexual topics · obsesses over changes in his/her body and finds it disgusting · bodily and/or genital mutilation · posts content online that is sexually explicit and/or violent about self and/or others · lies about age online to sexually attract older individuals · draws/doodles/posts sexually explicit images with violent themes · feels suicidal regarding same gender sexual interest · hates own gender; very upset with current gender/sexual characteristics; suicidal (suicidal due to these reasons? May seem unclear) |
BEHAVIOUR WITH ANIMALS | · looks at and/or touches genitals of animals once or twice | · likes animals to touch/lick one’s own genitals/rectum | · rhythmically stimulates and/or tries to penetrate and/or hurt the genitals of animals |
Sexual Behaviour In Adolescence
TYPE OF BEHAVIOUR | OKAY | WORRISOME | GET HELP |
CURIOSITY BEHAVIOURS | · looks for and access information about sex and sexuality · views different sources for sexual arousal (e.g., music videos, magazines, movies) | · preoccupied with sex/sexual content that interferes with daily life | · preoccupied with pornography that is illegal and/or depicting violence/sexual aggressiveness · possessing, accessing, or sending child pornography |
SELF-EXPLORATION | • need for privacy • masturbating in private |
| · compulsive masturbation that may involve self-harm, being in public, and/or seeking an audience
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BEHAVIOUR WITH OTHERS | · uses explicit sexual language and/or makes sexual jokes with peers · interest in a relationship with an individual of the same or opposite sex · sexual activity with another individual of similar age and developmental ability (within legal age of consent) · use of social media, Internet, cell phones in relationship with peers | · intentionally spying on others who are nude and/or engaging in sexual activity · repeated public exposure of genitals (e.g., flashing) · unsafe sexual behaviour (e.g., unprotected sex, sexual activity while intoxicated, etc.) · having a sexually transmitted infection · unplanned pregnancy (I feel like these can be moved to the ‘Get Help’ category?) · sexual activity with an individual who is more than two years in age difference and/or with significant difference in development · planning a meeting with someone the individual meet online accompanied by peer or adult · sending and/or receiving sexual images online with consent | · sexual activity with another who is significantly different in age and/or developmental level (may not be of legal age of consent) · uses grooming techniques to engage another in sexual activity · sends and/or publishes a sexual image of someone without their consent · arranges meeting with someone met online without the knowledge of other peers or adults · engages in sexual activity in exchange for things (e.g., money, goods, drugs, etc.) · forcing/coercing others into sexual activity |
NATURE OF SEXUAL AWARENESS | · sexually explicit communications, actions, and/or art that is obscene or sexually intimidating | ||
BEHAVIOUR WITH ANIMALS | · sexual contact with animals |
References
Adapted from: (concerned that my sources are not quite cited correctly due to lack of information)
Cavanagh Johnson, T. (2015). Understanding children’s sexual behaviours: What’s natural and healthy. USA: Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
Family Planning Queensland. (2012). Sexual behaviours in children & young people: A guide to identify, understand, and respond to sexual behaviours. Australia: Queensland Government.

